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Location
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Longitude
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Refraction
© 2001 J. Lammi (revised 31-Sep-01) Morning: - Begin of Nautical (= End of Astronomical) Twilight: Sun is 12 degrees below horizon - Begin of Civil (= End of Nautical) Twilight: Sun is 6 degrees below horizon - Sunrise: Sun is 0.83 degrees (= 50 arc-minutes) below horizon Noon: Sun is at meridian, max. altitude Evening: - Sunset: Sun is 0.83 degrees (= 50 arc-minutes) below horizon - End of Civil (= Begin of Nautical) Twilight: Sun is 6 degrees below horizon - End of Nautical (= Begin of Astronomical) Twilight: Sun is 12 degrees below horizon Solar radiation max power at noon, calculation for a constant extinction coefficient 0.9 assumed Solar azimuth: direction angle clockwise, north = zero, south = 180